References list

10c: Effectiveness

References to this area are contained in reference list 2b on “Resource, teacher and class-size effects, efficiency” and in reference list 2c on “System effects (choice, competition, testing, autonomy, etc.), interventions”.

For a recent survey, see:

  1. Cullen, Julie B., Brian A. Jacob and Steven Levitt (2006). The Effect of School Choice on Participants: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries. In: Econometrica 74(5) , 1191-1230 . Abstract. Link.

  2. Costrell, Robert M. (1994). A Simple Model of Educational Standards. In: American Economic Review 84(4) , 956-971 . Abstract. Link.

  3. Epple, Dennis and Richard E. Romano (1998). Competition Between Private and Public Schools, Vouchers, and Peer-Group Effects. In: American Economic Review 88(1) , 33-62 . Abstract. Link.

  4. Betts, Julian R. (1998). The Impact of Educational Standards on the Level and Distribution of Earnings. In: American Economic Review 88(1) , 266-275 . Abstract. Link.

  5. West, Martin R. and Ludger Woessmann (2010). ‘Every Catholic Child in a Catholic School’: Historical Resistance to State Schooling, Contemporary School Competition and Student Achievement across Countries. In: Economic Journal 120(546) , F229-F255 . Abstract. Link.

  6. Lavy, Victor (2002). Evaluating the Effect of Teachers' Group Performance Incentives on Pupil Achievement. In: Journal of Political Economy 110(6) , 1286-1317 . Abstract. Link.

  7. Rouse, Cecilia Elena (1998). Private School Vouchers and Student Achievement: An Evaluation of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program. In: Quarterly Journal of Economics 113(2) , 533-602 . Abstract. Link.

  8. Glomm, Gerhard and B. Ravikumar (1992). Public Versus Private Investment in Human Capital: Endogenous Growth and Income Inequality. In: Journal of Political Economy 100(4) , 818-834 . Abstract. Link.

  9. Neal, Derek A. (1997). The Effects of Catholic Secondary Schooling on Secondary Achievement. In: Journal of Labor Economics 15(1) , 98-123 . Abstract. Link.

  10. Nechyba, Thomas J. (2000). Mobility, Targeting, and Private-School Vouchers. In: American Economic Review 90(1) , 130-146 . Abstract. Link.

  11. Howell, William G. and Paul E. Peterson (2002). The Education Gap: Vouchers and Urban Schools. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press . Abstract. Link.

  12. Woessmann, Ludger (2005). The Effect Heterogeneity of Central Exams: Evidence from TIMSS, TIMSS-Repeat and PISA. In: Education Economics 13(2) , 143-169 . Abstract. Link.

  13. Peterson, Paul E. and Martin R. West (eds.) (2003). No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of School Accountability. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press . Abstract. Link.

  14. Woessmann, Ludger (2008). Efficiency and Equity of European Education and Training Policies. In: International Tax and Public Finance 15(2) , 199-230 . Abstract. Link.

  15. Woessmann, Ludger (2002). Schooling and the Quality of Human Capital. Berlin: Springer . Abstract. Link.

  16. Woessmann, Ludger, Elke Lüdemann, Gabriela Schütz and Martin R. West (2009). School Accountability, Autonomy and Choice around the World. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar . Abstract. Link.

  17. Woessmann, Ludger (2004). Institutional Comparisons in Educational Production. In: CESifo DICE Report Journal for Institutional Comparisons 2(4) , 03-06 . Abstract. Link.

  18. Ladd, Helen F. (2002). School Vouchers: A Critical View. In: Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(4) , 25-44 . Abstract. Link.

  19. Neal, Derek (2002). How Vouchers Could Change the Market for Education. In: Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(4) , 25-44 . Abstract. Link.

  20. Woessmann, Ludger (2009). International Evidence on School Tracking: A Review. In: CESifo DICE Report - Journal for Institutional Comparisons 7(1) , 26-34 . Abstract. Link.

  21. Hanushek, Eric A., Charles S. Benson, Richard B. Freeman et al. (1994). Making Schools Work: Improving Performance and Controlling Costs. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press . Abstract. Link.

  22. Hanushek, Eric A. and Ludger Woessmann (2011). The Economics of International Differences in Educational Achievement. In: Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin and Ludger Woessmann (ed.). Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 3. Amsterdam: North Holland , 89-200 . Abstract. Link.

  23. Hoxby, Caroline M. (ed.) (2003). The Economics of School Choice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press . Abstract. Link.

  24. Heckman, James J., John Eric Humphries and Nicholas S. Mader (2011). The GED. In: Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin and Ludger Woessmann (eds.). Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 3. Amsterdam: North-Holland , 423-483 . Abstract. Link.

  25. Hoxby, Caroline M. (2003). School Choice and School Competition: Evidence from the United States. In: Swedish Economic Policy Review 10(3) , 09-65 . Abstract. Link.

  26. Figlio, David and Susanna Loeb (2011). School Accountability. In: Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin and Ludger Woessmann (eds.). Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 3. Amsterdam: North-Holland , 383-421 . Abstract. Link.

  27. CESifo DICE Report (2004). Forum: Institutions for Better Education. In: CESifo DICE Report Journal for Institutional Comparisons 2(4) , 03-43 . Link.

  28. Bettinger, Eric (2011). Educational Vouchers in International Contexts. In: Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin and Ludger Woessmann (eds.). Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 4. Amsterdam: North-Holland , 551-572 . Abstract. Link.

  29. Woessmann, Ludger (2003). Schooling Resources, Educational Institutions, and Student Performance: The International Evidence. In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 65(2) , 117-170 . Abstract. Link.

  30. Hanushek, Eric A. and Ludger Woessmann (2006). Does Early Tracking Affect Educational Inequality and Performance? Differences-in-Differences Evidence across Countries. In: Economic Journal 116(510) , C63-C76 . Abstract. Link.

  31. Hoxby, Caroline M. (2000). Does Competition among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers?. In: American Economic Review 90(5) , 1209-1238 . Abstract. Link.

  32. Fuchs, Thomas and Ludger Woessmann (2004). Computers and Student Learning: Bivariate and Multivariate Evidence on the Availability and Use of Computers at Home and at School. In: Brussels Economic Review 47(3-4) , 359-385 . Abstract. Link.

  33. Gradstein, Mark, Moshe Justman and Volker Meier (2004). The Political Economy of Education: Implications for Growth and Inequality. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press . Abstract. Link.

  34. Jacob, Brian A. (2005). Accountability, Incentives and Behavior: The Impact of High-stakes Testing in the Chicago Public Schools. In: Journal of Public Economics 89(5-6) , 761-796 . Abstract. Link.

  35. Hoxby, Caroline M. (2001). All School Finance Equalizations Are Not Created Equal. In: Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(4) , 1189-1231 . Abstract. Link.

  36. Ladd, Helen F. and Randall P. Walsh (2002). Implementing Value-Added Measures of School Effectiveness: Getting the Incentives Right. In: Economics of Education Review 21(1) , 01-17 . Abstract. Link.

  37. Hanushek, Eric A. and Margaret E. Raymond (2004). The Effect of School Accountability Systems on the Level and Distribution of Student Achievement. In: Journal of the European Economic Association 2(2-3) , 406-415 . Abstract. Link.

  38. Jacob, Brian A. and Steven D. Levitt (2003). Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating. In: Quarterly Journal of Economics 118(3) , 843-877 . Abstract. Link.

  39. Howell, William G., Patrick J. Wolf, David E. Campbell and Paul E. Peterson (2002). School Vouchers and Academic Performance: Results from Three Randomized Field Trials. In: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21(2) , 191-217 . Abstract. Link.

  40. Jürges, Hendrik, Kerstin Schneider and Felix Büchel (2005). The Effect of Central Exit Examinations on Student Achievement: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from TIMSS Germany. In: Journal of the European Economic Association 3(5) , 1134-1155 . Abstract. Link.

  41. Kane, Thomas J. and Douglas O. Staiger (2002). The Promise and Pitfalls of Using Imprecise School Accountability Measures. In: Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(4) , 91-114 . Abstract. Link.

  42. Lazear, Edward P. (2003). Teacher Incentives. In: Swedish Economic Policy Review 10 , 179-214 . Abstract. Link.

  43. Levačić, Rosalind (2004). Competition and the Performance of English Secondary Schools: Further Evidence. In: Education Economics 12(2) , 177-193 . Abstract. Link.

  44. Woessmann, Ludger (2005b). Ursachenkomplexe der PISA-Ergebnisse: Untersuchungen auf Basis der internationalen Mikrodaten. In: Tertium Comparationis - Journal für International und Interkulturell Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft 11(2) , 152-176 . Abstract. Link.

  45. Nechyba, Thomas J. (2003). Centralization, Fiscal Federalism, and Private School Attendance. In: International Economic Review 44(1) , 179-204 . Abstract. Link.

  46. Peterson, Paul E., William G. Howell, Patrick J. Wolf and David E. Campbell (2003). School Vouchers: Results from Randomized Experiments. In: Caroline M. Hoxby (ed.). The Economics of School Choice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press , 107-144 . Abstract. Link.

  47. Woessmann, Ludger (2005a). Public-Private Partnerships in Schooling: Cross-Country Evidence on their Effectiveness in Providing Cognitive Skills. PEPG 05-09. Abstract. Link.

  48. Meghir, Costas and Mårten Palme (2005). Educational Reform, Ability and Family Background. In: American Economic Review 95(1) , 414-424 . Abstract. Link.

  49. Sandstrom, F. Mikael and Fredrik Bergstrom (2005). School Vouchers in Practice: Competition Will Not Hurt You. In: Journal of Public Economics 89(2-3) , 351-380 . Abstract. Link.

  50. Woessmann, Ludger (2005c). Accountability through External Exams and the Management of Educational Institutions. In: International Journal for Education Law and Policy Special Issue , 57-76 . Link.

  51. Woessmann, Ludger (2003b). Zentrale Prüfung als "Währung" des Bildungssystems: Zur Komplementarität von Schulautonomie und Zentralprüfungen. In: Vierteljahresheft zur Wirtschaftsforschung 72(2) , 220-237 . Abstract. Link.

  52. Hoxby, Caroline M. (1994). Do Private Schools Provide Competition for Public Schools?. NBER Working Paper 4978. Abstract. Link.

  53. Argys, Laura M., Daniel I. Rees and Dominic J. Brewer (1996). Detracking America's Schools: Equity at Zero Cost?. In: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 15(4) , 623-645 . Abstract. Link.

  54. Chubb, John E. and Terry M. Moe (1990). Politics, Markets, and America's Schools. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press . Abstract. Link.

  55. Bishop, John H. (1997). The Effect of National Standards and Curriculum-Based Exams on Achievement. In: American Economic Review 87(2) , 260-264 . Abstract. Link.

  56. Hoxby, Caroline M. (1999). The Productivity of Schools and Other Local Public Goods Producers. In: Journal of Public Economics 74(1) , 01-30 . Abstract. Link.

  57. Hoxby, Caroline M. (1996). How Teachers’ Unions Affect Education Production. In: Journal of Economics 111(3) , 671-718 . Abstract. Link.

  58. Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom (1991). Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership, and Job Design. In: Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 7 (special issue) , 24-52 . Link.

  59. Woessmann, Ludger (2003a). Central Exit Exams and Student Achievement: International Evidence. In: Paul E. Peterson and M. R. West (eds.). No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of School Accountability. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press , 292-323 .

  60. Shleifer, Andrei (1998). State versus Private Ownership. In: Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(4) , 133-150 . Abstract. Link.

  61. Friedman, Milton (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press . Abstract.

  62. Filer, Randall K. and Daniel Münich (2013). Responses of Private and Public Schools to Voucher Funding. In: Economics of Education Review 34 , 269–285 . Abstract. Link.

  63. Figlio, David N. and Marianne E. Page (2002). School Choice and the Distributional Effects of Ability Tracking: Does Separation Increase Inequality?. In: Journal of Urban Economics 51(3) , 497-514 . Abstract. Link.

  64. Cullen, Julie B., Brian A. Jacob and Steven D. Levitt (2005). The Impact of School Choice on Student Outcomes: An Analysis of the Chicago Public Schools. In: Journal of Public Economics 89(5-6) , 729-760 . Abstract. Link.

  65. Figlio, David N. and Maurice E. Lucas (2004). Do High Grading Standards Affect Student Performance?. In: Journal of Public Economics 88(9) , 1815-1834 . Abstract. Link.

  66. Brunello, Giorgio and Daniele Checchi (2005). School quality and family background in Italy. In: Economics of Education Review 24(5) , 563-577 . Abstract. Link.

  67. Epple, Dennis, Elizabeth Newlon and Richard Romano (2002). Ability Tracking, School Competition, and the Distribution of Educational Benefits. In: Journal of Public Economics 83(1) , 01-48 . Abstract. Link.

  68. Brunello, Giorgio and Massimo Giannini (2004). Stratified or Comprehensive? The Economic Efficiency of School Design. In: Scottish Journal of Political Economy 51(2) , 173-193 . Abstract. Link.

  69. Carnoy, Martin and Susan Loeb (2002). Does External Accountability Affect Student Outcomes? A Cross-state Analysis. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. In: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 24(4) , 305-331 . Abstract. Link.

  70. Chen, Zhiqi and Edwin G. West (2000). Selective Versus Universal Vouchers: Modeling Median Voter Preferences in Education. In: American Economic Review 90(5) , 1520-1534 . Abstract. Link.

  71. Dixit, Avinash (2002). Incentives and Organizations in the Public Sector: An Interpretative Review. In: Journal of Human Resources 37(4) , 696-727 . Abstract. Link.

  72. Bradley, Steve and Jim Taylor (2004). The Economics of Secondary Schooling. In: Geraint Johnes and Jill Johnes (eds.). International Handbook on the Economics of Education. Cheltenham: Elgar . Link.

  73. Woessmann, Ludger (2010). Institutional Determinants of School Efficiency and Equity: German States as a Microcosm for OECD Countries. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik / Journal of Economics and Statistics 230(2) , 234-270 . Abstract. Link.

  74. Woessmann, Ludger (2007). International Evidence on School Competition, Autonomy and Accountability: A Review. In: Peabody Journal of Education 82(2-3) , 473-497 . Abstract. Link.

  75. Ahlin, Åsa (2003). Does School Competition Matter? Effects of a Large-Scale School Choice Reform on Student Performance. Uppsala University - Department of Economics Working Paper 2003:2. Abstract. Link.

  76. Bishop, John H. and Ludger Woessmann (2004). Institutional Effects in a Simple Model of Educational Production. In: Education Economics 12(1) , 17-38 . Abstract. Link.

  77. Woessmann, Ludger (2006). Bildungspolitische Lehren aus den internationalen Schülertests: Wettbewerb, Autonomie und externe Leistungsüberprüfung. In: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 7(3) , 417-444 . Abstract. Link.

  78. Bradley, Steve, Geraint Johnes and Jim Millington (2001). The Effect of Competition on the Efficiency of Secondary Schools in England. In: European Journal of Operational Research 135(3) , 545-568 . Abstract. Link.

  79. Betts, Julian R. and Jamie L. Shkolnik (2000). The Effects of Ability Grouping on Student Achievement and Resource Allocation in Secondary Schools. In: Economics of Education Review 19(1) , 01-15 . Abstract. Link.

  80. Ballou, Dale (2001). Pay for Performance in Public and Private Schools. In: Economics of Education Review 20(1) , 51-61 . Abstract. Link.

  81. Woessmann, Ludger and Martin R. West (2008). School Choice International: Higher Private School Share Boosts Test Scores. In: Education Next 9(1) , 54-61 . Link.

  82. Machin, Stephen, Steve Gibbons and Olmo Silva (2008). Choice, Competition and Pupil Achievement. In: Journal of the European Economic Association 6(4) , 912-947 . Abstract. Link.

  83. Lavy, Victor (2006). From Forced Busing to Free Choice in Public Schools: Quasi-Experimental Evidence of Individual and General Effects. NBER Working Paper 11969. Abstract. Link.

  84. Lavy, Victor (2009). Performance Pay and Teachers' Effort, Productivity, and Grading Ethics. In: American Economic Review 99(5) , 1979-2011 . Abstract. Link.

  85. Rothstein, Jesse (2007). Does Competition Among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers? Comment. In: American Economic Review 97(5) , 2026-2037 . Abstract. Link.

  86. West, Martin R. and Paul E. Peterson (2006). The Efficacy of Choice Threats within School Accountability Systems: Results from Legislatively-Induced Experiments. In: Economic Journal 116(510) , C46-C62 . Abstract. Link.

  87. Schütz, Gabriela, Heinrich Ursprung and Ludger Woessmann (2008). Education Policy and Equality of Opportunity. In: Kyklos 61(2) , 279-308 . Abstract. Link.

  88. Hoxby, Caroline M. (2007). Does Competition among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers? Reply. In: American Economic Review 97(5) , 2038-2055 . Abstract. Link.

  89. Hanushek, Eric A., John F. Kain, Steven G. Rivkin and Gregory F. Branch (2007). Charter School Quality and Parental Decision Making with School Choice. In: Journal of Public Economics 91(5-6) , 823-848 . Abstract. Link.

  90. Falch, Torberg, Marte Rønning and Bjarne Strøm (2006). A cost model of schools: School size, school structure and student composition. In: N. Soguel and P. Jaccard (eds.). Governance and performance of education systems. Springer . Abstract. Link.

  91. Fuchs, Thomas and Ludger Woessmann (2007). What Accounts for International Differences in Student Performance? A Re-examination using PISA Data. In: Empirical Economics 32(2-3) , 433-464 . Abstract. Link.

  92. Clark, Damon (2009). The Performance and Competitive Effects of School Autonomy. In: Journal of Political Economy 117(4) , 745-783 . Abstract. Link.

  93. Jepsen, Christopher and Steven Rivkin (2009). Class Size Reduction and Student Achievement: The Potential Tradeoff between Teacher Quality and Class Size. In: Journal of Human Resources 44(1) , 223-250 . Abstract. Link.

  94. Kane, Thomas J. (2007). Evaluating the Impact of the D.C. Tuition Assistance Grant Program. In: Journal of Human Resources 42(3) , 555-582 . Abstract. Link.

  95. Ferreyra, Maria M. (2007). Estimating the Effects of Private School Vouchers in Multidistrict Economies. In: American Economic Review 97(3) , 789-817 . Abstract. Link.

  96. Brunello, Giorgio, Massimo Giannini and Kenn Ariga (2007). The Optimal Timing of School Tracking. In: Peterson, P. and Woessmann, L. (2007). Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem. , 129-158 . Abstract. Link.

  97. Dee, Thomas S. and Brian A. Jacob (2011). The Impact of No Child Left Behind on Student Achievement. In: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 30(3) , 418-446 . Abstract. Link.

  98. Bettinger, Eric and Robert Slonim (2006). Using Experimental Economics to Measure the Effects of a Natural Educational Experiment on Altruism. In: Journal of Public Economics 90(8-9) , 1625-1648 . Abstract. Link.

  99. Böhlmark, Anders, Chang-Tai Hsieh and Mikael Lindahl (2006). Did school choice in Sweden improve academic achievement?. Mimeo: Stockholm University . Abstract. Link.

  100. Figlio, David N. and Cecilia Elena Rouse (2006). Do Accountability and Voucher Threats Improve Low-Performing Schools?. In: Journal of Public Economics 90(1-2) , 239-255 . Abstract. Link.

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